Low phase angle in critically ill older patients is associated with late mortality: A prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to ascertain the accuracy of phase angle (PhA) as a predictor of mortality during intensive care unit (ICU) stay (MICU) and at 28 (M28) and 60 d (M60) after ICU admission among patients aged >60 y. METHODS: Patients aged >60 y who were under mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥48 h were included once they were hemodynamically stable. PhA was measured by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis up to 48 h after admission. ICU prognostic scores, functional scale, and nutritional assessments were performed in the first 24 h. Patients were followed for 60 d after ICU admission. RESULTS: We enrolled 102 patients into the present study. PhA was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in survivors at MICU, M28, and M60. Areas under the receiving operator characteristic curves for MICU, M28, and M60 were 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.86), 0.71 (95% CI, 0.60-0.82), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.60-0.81), respectively. The PhA cutoff to predict mortality was 3.29° for males at MICU, M28, and M60 and lower for females at M28 (2.63°) and M60 (3.01°). PhA better discriminated M60 than conventional prognostic scores. Logistic regression showed that even after controlling for other factors, PhA was a protective factor against late mortality. Survival analysis at 60 d revealed that low PhA was associated with lower median survival (18 versus 58 d; log-rank P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Low PhA values are associated with higher late mortality and a short survival time at 60 d in critically ill older adults. Low PhA values can be considered a useful ICU prognostic score in similar populations.

AD-SISCOLO: a decision-support tool to aid the management of a cervical cancer screening program

AbstractIntroduction: This paper aims to develop a data warehouse (AD-SISCOLO) in order to support the management of the cervical cancer screening program in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. As a part of the management process, the program managers of the municipality perform tedious manual work in order to calculate a series of performance indicators and then take decisions based on them. Methods AD-SISCOLO was implemented using the Pentaho BI Suite Business Intelligence Platform and the MySQL database management system. The indicators to be calculated and visualized in the tool were based on the municipal data of the cytopathology and histopathology tests from January 2012 until December 2014, which was obtained from the Information System of Cervical Cancer (SISCOLO) after a record linkage process. The follow-up indicators were based on a simplified version of the Brazilian guidelines for the cervical cancer screening. Results AD-SISCOLO allows the visualization of a set of test-based and follow-up indicators from different views and dimensions, which enable managers to monitor all the phases of the screening process and to identify the process' failures. Conclusions Compared with the current available environments in Brazil, AD-SISCOLO is unique in its visualization of the follow-up indicators of groups of women, according to their test results and age. Thereby it provides presentation flexibility to suit the program manager's needs.

Comparing the Performance of NoSQL Approaches for Managing Archetype-Based Electronic Health Record Data.

This study provides an experimental performance evaluation on population-based queries of NoSQL databases storing archetype-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) data. There are few published studies regarding the performance of persistence mechanisms for systems that use multilevel modelling approaches, especially when the focus is on population-based queries. A healthcare dataset with 4.2 million records stored in a relational database (MySQL) was used to generate XML and JSON documents based on the openEHR reference model. Six datasets with different sizes were created from these documents and imported into three single machine XML databases (BaseX, eXistdb and Berkeley DB XML) and into a distributed NoSQL database system based on the MapReduce approach, Couchbase, deployed in different cluster configurations of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 machines. Population-based queries were submitted to those databases and to the original relational database. Database size and query response times are presented. The XML databases were considerably slower and required much more space than Couchbase. Overall, Couchbase had better response times than MySQL, especially for larger datasets. However, Couchbase requires indexing for each differently formulated query and the indexing time increases with the size of the datasets. The performances of the clusters with 2, 4, 8 and 12 nodes were not better than the single node cluster in relation to the query response time, but the indexing time was reduced proportionally to the number of nodes. The tested XML databases had acceptable performance for openEHR-based data in some querying use cases and small datasets, but were generally much slower than Couchbase. Couchbase also outperformed the response times of the relational database, but required more disk space and had a much longer indexing time. Systems like Couchbase are thus interesting research targets for scalable storage and querying of archetype-based EHR data when population-based use cases are of interest.

Integrating Brazilian health information systems in order to support the building of data warehouses

AbstractIntroductionThis paper's aim is to develop a data warehouse from the integration of the files of three Brazilian health information systems concerned with the production of ambulatory and hospital procedures for cancer care, and cancer mortality. These systems do not have a unique patient identification, which makes their integration difficult even within a single system.MethodsData from the Brazilian Public Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS), the Oncology Module for the Outpatient Information System (APAC-ONCO) and the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the State of Rio de Janeiro, in the period from January 2000 to December 2004 were used. Each of the systems has the monthly data production compiled in dbase files (dbf). All the files pertaining to the same system were then read into a corresponding table in a MySQL Server 5.1. The SIH-SUS and APAC-ONCO tables were linked internally and with one another through record linkage methods. The APAC-ONCO table was linked to the SIM table. Afterwards a data warehouse was built using Pentaho and the MySQL database management system.ResultsThe sensitivities and specificities of the linkage processes were above 95% and close to 100% respectively. The data warehouse provided several analytical views that are accessed through the Pentaho Schema Workbench.ConclusionThis study presented a proposal for the integration of Brazilian Health Systems to support the building of data warehouses and provide information beyond those currently available with the individual systems.

Systematization of information for identifying similar cardiovascular implantable devices

Introduction The lack of a terminology to compare medical devices together with the arbitrary and opaque nature of product registration systems are major obstacles to a more informed decision process regarding the use and acquisition of new medical devices. This paper describes the systematization of information to help in the identification of similar cardiovascular implantable devices. Methods The systematization was developed in four stages: definition of the technical attributes of each device group; classification of a sample of devices; implementation of the proposed systematization in Protégé; and evaluation of the application. The systematization dealt with a set of common attributes – indication of use, anatomic location, manufacturer, device model and lifetime; and a set of attributes specific for each type of device. Results The systematization was performed by means of a hierarchy of classes with the respective properties in Protégé, which support three basic functions: data entry, query, and maintenance. 38 queries were designed to allow the identification of similar devices according to their technical characteristics. The users’ evaluation showed that the application fulfilled the requirements to monitor the price of these devices on the market. Conclusions Protégé was a useful tool for the systematization of cardiovascular implantable devices that can be used for the post-market vigilance of medical device safety. To better fulfill this aim, other attributes may be incorporated to better characterize the safety aspects of these devices.

Name segmentation using hidden Markov models and its application in record linkage.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of hidden Markov models (HMM) for the segmentation of person names and its influence on record linkage. A HMM was applied to the segmentation of patient's and mother's names in the databases of the Mortality Information System (SIM), Information Subsystem for High Complexity Procedures (APAC), and Hospital Information System (AIH). A sample of 200 patients from each database was segmented via HMM, and the results were compared to those from segmentation by the authors. The APAC-SIM and APAC-AIH databases were linked using three different segmentation strategies, one of which used HMM. Conformity of segmentation via HMM varied from 90.5% to 92.5%. The different segmentation strategies yielded similar results in the record linkage process. This study suggests that segmentation of Brazilian names via HMM is no more effective than traditional segmentation approaches in the linkage process.

A record linkage process of a cervical cancer screening database.

This paper aims at to present the integration of the files of the Brazilian Cervical Cancer Information System (SISCOLO) in order to identify all women in the system. SISCOLO has the exam as the unit of observation and the women are not uniquely identified. It has two main tables: histology and cytology, containing the histological and cytological examinations of women, respectively. In this study, data from June 2006 to December 2009 were used. Each table was linked with itself and with the other through record linkage methods. The integration identified 6236 women in the histology table and 1,678,993 in the cytology table. 5324 women from the histology table had records in the cytology table. The sensitivities were above 90% and the specificities and precisions near 100%. This study showed that it is possible to integrate SISCOLO to produce indicators for the evaluation of the cervical cancer screening programme taking the woman as the unit of observation.

[An information system to integrate outpatient cancer care data in the Unified National Health System]. / Sistema de informação para integrar os dados da assistência oncológica ambulatorial do Sistema Unico de Saúde.

This study focuses on the development of a system to integrate monthly outpatient cancer care data in the Unified National Health System (SUS). The system was modeled to retrace the treatment evolution in each cancer case and services output, with the following advantage: the system focuses on the cancer case, does not require knowledge by the user in order to handle the database, and allows updating the base as new data emerge. The results of direct queries in the system were identical to those obtained from direct inspection of the original database and those from another integration approach. The use of a tool with these characteristics by public administrators can help improve the quality of outpatient cancer care provided by the National Health System.

Sistema de informação para integrar os dados da assistência oncológica ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde / An information system to integrate outpatient cancer care data in the Unified National Health System

Este trabalho visa ao desenvolvimento de um sistema para integrar os dados da produção mensal da assistência oncológica ambulatorial no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O sistema foi modelado para recuperar a evolução do tratamento de cada caso de câncer e a produção dos serviços, tendo como vantagens: ser orientado ao caso de câncer, não requerer do usuário conhecimentos para a manipulação de bancos de dados e permitir a atualização da base à medida que novos dados vão surgindo. Os resultados das consultas ao sistema, quando comparados com os obtidos na inspeção direta da base original e com os obtidos com outra rotina de integração, foram idênticos. A utilização de uma ferramenta com essas características pelos gestores públicos pode contribuir para a melhoria da gestão da assistência oncológica ambulatorial prestada pelo SUS.

This study focuses on the development of a system to integrate monthly outpatient cancer care data in the Unified National Health System (SUS). The system was modeled to retrace the treatment evolution in each cancer case and services output, with the following advantage: the system focuses on the cancer case, does not require knowledge by the user in order to handle the database, and allows updating the base as new data emerge. The results of direct queries in the system were identical to those obtained from direct inspection of the original database and those from another integration approach. The use of a tool with these characteristics by public administrators can help improve the quality of outpatient cancer care provided by the National Health System.

Conceitos demográficos e suas representações nos sistemas de informação em saúde. / Demographic concepts and their representations in Health Information Systems.

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um conjunto de conceitos demográficos e uma proposta de representação destes conceitos em sistemas de informação por meio de arquétipos.Foram analisados as normas internacionais ISO TR 20514, TS 22220 e ISO TS 27527, e diversos modelos demográficos da fundação openEHR, e avaliados os atributos para representar as informações demográficas de diversos sistemas de informação públicos do país, bem como opadrão TISS utilizado na troca de informação da saúde suplementar. A partir dessas análises, é proposto um conjunto de arquétipos que permitem a representação dos conceitos demográficos em sistemas de informação de modo a satisfazer os requisitos das normas nacionais e internacionais.Os arquétipos permitem a evolução dos sistemas sem necessidade de reformular seus modelos demográficos.

This article aims at presenting a set of demographic concepts and a proposal of archetypes for representing these concepts in information systems. The international standards ISO TR 20514, TS 22220 and ISO TS 27527, along with several demographic models were studied, as well ashow the demographic information is represented in several Brazilian public information systems, as well as the TISS standard, used on Brazilian supplementary health services information exchange. From these analyses, a set of archetypes were designed to allow the representation of demographic concepts in health information systems so that they meet the national and international standards requirements. The archetypes allow the evolution of information systems without demanding reformulation of their demographic models.

Relação entre índice de resistência obtido pela ultra-sonografia Doppler transfortanela e o neurodesenvolvimento até o primeiro ano de vida em recém-nascidos a termo com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica leve e moderada / Relation between the resistance index obtained by the transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography and the neurological development until the first year of life in term infants with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação do índice de resistência (IR) obtido pela ultra-sonografia Doppler transfontanela com o neurodesenvolvimento até um ano de idade, em recém-nascidos (RN) a termo com encefalopatia hipóxica-isquêmica (EHI) leve a moderada, secundária à asfixia intra-parto. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo em 20 RN com EHI leve a moderada, IR elevado no primeiro exame de Doppler, e sem doenças associadas ou anormalidades morfológicas cerebrais. Foram realizados exames seriados bimensais de Doppler transfontanela a partir do sétimo dia de vida, e avaliações clínicas mensais do neurodesenvolvimento no primeiro ano de vida. RESULTADOS: Houve normalização progressiva dos valores de IR até o último exame realizado. Cinco pacientes apresentaram normalização clínico-neurológica no período neonatal, após o primeiro exame de Doppler. Quinze lactentes apresentaram alterações neurológicas com resolução a partir do segundo trimestre de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Houve relação entre os períodos em que ocorreu a normalização dos valores de IR e a melhora clínica-neurológica.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between the resistance index (RI) obtained by transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography, and the neurodevelopment until one year of life, at term newborns with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy due to intrapartum asphyxia. METHOD: 20 term newborns, with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, high values of resistance index in the first exam, and without cerebral morfologic abnormalities or other diseases. They were submitted to serial bimonthly transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography, from the seventh day of life on, and monthly clinical neurodevelopment assessment until one year of life. RESULTS: There was a progressive normalization of RI values until the last examination. In five cases there were clinical neurologic normalization in the neonatal period after the first Doppler exam. Fifteen infants presented neurologic abnormalities, with normalization after the second trimester of life. CONCLUSION: There was a relation between the normal RI values with the normalization of the clinical assessment.

[Relation between the resistance index obtained by the transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography and the neurological development until the first year of life in term infants with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy]. / Relação entre índice de resistência obtido pela ultra-sonografia Doppler transfortanela e o neurodesenvolvimento até o primeiro ano de vida em recém-nascidos a termo com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica leve e moderada.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between the resistance index (RI) obtained by transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography, and the neurodevelopment until one year of life, at term newborns with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy due to intrapartum asphyxia. METHOD: 20 term newborns, with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, high values of resistance index in the first exam, and without cerebral morfologic abnormalities or other diseases. They were submitted to serial bimonthly transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography, from the seventh day of life on, and monthly clinical neurodevelopment assessment until one year of life. RESULTS: There was a progressive normalization of RI values until the last examination. In five cases there were clinical neurologic normalization in the neonatal period after the first Doppler exam. Fifteen infants presented neurologic abnormalities, with normalization after the second trimester of life. CONCLUSION: There was a relation between the normal RI values with the normalization of the clinical assessment.

Marcadores séricos de cartilagem na artrite reumatóide avançada / Serum cartilage biomarkers in late rheumatoid arthritis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o valor clínico de dois novos marcadores séricos de cartilagem em pacientes com artrite reumatóide crônica. Cento e quarenta pacientes foram seguidos por um período médio de 12 anos e avaliados para a presença de glicoproteína-39 de cartilagem humana e para matrix de proteína oligomérica sérica e seu respectivo coeficiente de correlação entre os marcadores e um escore de atividade da doença. Os valores médios da matrix de proteína oligomérica sérica e glicoproteína-39 de cartilagem humana foram, respectivamente, 9 ± 6 ug/ml e 36 ± 16 ug/ml (p > 0,001) quando comparados aos controles. Uma correlação positiva foi observada entre os escores de atividade da doença e os biomarcadores (r = 0,67 para a glicoproteína-39 de cartilagem humana e r = 0,83 para a matrix de proteína oligomérica sérica). Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrade maneira inequívoca que pacientes com artrite reumatóide de longa duração mostram valores séricos mais elevados de marcadores bioquímicos do metabolismo da cartilagem e umacorrelação positiva com o escore de atividade da doença.

Avaliação da proteína amilóide A sérica na atividade clínica da artrite reumatóide / Evaluation of the serum amyloid A protein in the rheumatoid arthritis clinical activity

A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença auto-imune, crônica, caracterizada pelo comprometimento inflamatório das articulações sinoviais periféricas. A proteína amilóide A sérica (SAA) é uma das principais proteínas de fase aguda (PFA), porém seu uso na rotina do laboratório clínico ainda é pouco difundido. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a utilidade da SAA na avaliação da atividade clínica da AR. Métodos: Foram estudados 113 pacientes com AR, diagnosticados segundo os critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia. Para a caracterização da atividade de doença, foi utilizado o Índice de Atividade de Doença (IAD), proposto pela Liga Européia Contra o Reumatismo. Resultados: A SAA apresentou correlação positiva, estatisticamente significativa, com a proteína C-Reativa (PCR), tanto como a alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida (AGP), quanto com o IAD. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a SAA apresentou, particularmente, uma maior sensibilidade na determinação da atividade inflamatória da AR, em comparação às outras PFA. Apresentou, também, uma boa capacidade de discriminar os grupos de atividade moderada e alta do IAD. Como o IAD não mede unicamente o componente inflamatório do AR, a dosagem de uma PFA é de grande utilidade para a caracterização da atividade dessa enfermidade. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a SAA pode ser de grande valor na determinação da atividade inflamatória da AR

Utilização do processo de enfermagem em centros de terapia intensiva no Rio de Janeiro como subsídio à implantação de prontuário eletrônico / The nursing process and its application in intensive care at Rio de Janeiro as a support to the development of an electronic patient record

Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização do processo de enfermagem em centros de terapia intensiva na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, de modo a identificar as condições potenciais para a informatização dessas unidades. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 27 enfermeiras líderes de equipe, no período de janeiro a julho de 2003. As entrevistas revelaram que: o processo de enfermagem não era utilizado na íntegra, sistematicamente não incluindo o diagnóstico de enfermagem; 13 centros possuíam formulários de prescrição de enfermagem, mas apenas 11 cederam seus formulários; e 5 centros possuíam algum tipo de sistema informatizado. Dos formulários obtidos, foram identificadas 128 diferentes ações de enfermagem com alta variabilidade de uso e inexistência de padrões para o registro da informação. Diante deste quadro, conclui-se que as condições para a informatização do processo de enfermagem nestes centros não são adequadas.

This study aims at evaluating the utilization of the nursing process in intensive care units in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, in order to identify the potential conditions for the deployment of a computerized system in those units. Interviews with 27 nursing team leaders were performed in the period from January to July 2003. The interviews revealed that: the nursing process was not fully implemented and not systematically including the nursing diagnostic stage; 13 units had nursing prescription forms, but only 11 released them; and, 5 units used some type of computerized information system. From the forms so obtained, 128 different nursing actions were identified with high variability of use and no existence of standards for data recording. In this scenario, it can be concluded that the conditions for a computerized system for the nursing process are not adequate.

Caracterização imunofenotípica dos leucócitos presentes na urina de pacientes com nefropatia lúpica em atividade / Immunophenotypic characterization of leukocytes present in urine of patients with active lupus nephropathy

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a expressão fenotípica dos leucócitos presentes na urina de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e nefrite em atividade. Foram selecionados 12 pacientes com glomerulonefrite membranosa. O critério utilizado para classificação de atividade sistêmica foi o SLEDAI (índice de atividade de doença para o LES), cuja média foi de 18,2 pontos. A presença de nefrite ativa foi definida por critérios histológicos, alterações do sedimento urinário, desenvolvimento recente de proteinúria e/ou perda aguda da função renal. A fenotipagem com anticorpos monoclonais (ACMo) e fosfatase alcalina, aplicada em lâminas com citocentrifugado de amostra da urina, foi o método empregado para a classificação das subpopulações de leucócitos urinários. Encontrou-se predomínio de células CD14 positivas (monócitos/macrófagos) nos pacientes com LES 56,8 por cento dos leucócitos urinários). A segunda subpopulação mais frequente foi a de células CD3 CD14 CD20-CD45 + (a maioria provavelmente granulócitos) e os linfócitos T representaram 8,1 por cento do total de leucócitos (teste de Wilcoxon com correção de Bonferroni - p < 0,016). Evidenciou-se uma associação positiva entre exsudação leucocitária glomerular e excreção urinária de linfócitos CD8 + (p = 0,01). Esses resultados reforçam os indícios sugestivos da participação das células de linhagem macrofágica na fisiopatologia da lesão renal proliferativa no LES